Videography 101

Videography, unlike photography, is the art of capturing memories in moving images with or without sound.

Videographer – the leader of the team assigned to capture footage of the event — from the preparation to the reception. The wedding day coverage of the videographer would be similar in content to the coverage of the photographer. However, a videographer is given free reign to look for other angles and instruct the couple to achieve footage not exactly similar to the photographer’s shots.

Prenuptial Video – This is often either thematic or based on recreating the love story of the couple. It has dialogue and movement from the couple and the direction of the videographer.

Save the Date or Teaser – Snippets of the video footage taken during the prenup shoot. It should serve to entice people such that they would want to see the full length prenuptial video on the day of the wedding. The save the date or teaser AVP is often given earlier and posted online.

Photography 101

Photography – is the art of capturing moments to produce stills or pictures

Photographer – the leader of the team assigned to take photos all throughout the event — from the preparation to the reception

Photography packages may include the following:

Prenuptial Pictorial – a photo session that can last anywhere from 3 hours to the whole day depending on the package availed. The basic point of the prenuptial pictorial is to help the couple get comfortable with their lead photographer. Often, couples try to showcase their theme or tell their love story through their prenuptial pictorial. Possible offshoots of this pictorial are a gallery of pictures, a prenup slideshow, and/or a save the date AVP (audio visual presentation).

Preparation Pictorials – this one covers detail shots (accessories, souvenirs, the bridal gown, the groom’s attire, and the like) as well as dress-up shots of the bride and groom in separate rooms, respective family portraits, solo portraits of the bride and groom, and shots with the entourage.

Ceremony Pictorials – covers the march of the groom and entourage, the opening of the door and bridal walk, candids during the waiting time prior to the march, the actual ceremony, and post ceremony, group shots after the ceremony, and the recessional.

Couple Pictorials/In-between Shoot – this one is focused on the pictorial of the bride and groom done after the ceremony while the guests are making their way to the reception and having cocktails.

Reception Pictorials – this is focused on reception details (food, set-up of the tables & couple’s area, and the like), candid shots, program shots, group shots with the couple during meal time, and party time shots.

Other pictorial sessions are:

Boudoir Pictorial – a photo session either separate from the actual day of the wedding or done within the preparation room — tasteful photos of the bride are taken by the photographer to showcase her beauty and womanhood. It is sexy but it is not meant to be over the top or raunchy.

First Look – this pictorial is done during preparations before the ceremony, if the bride and groom have decided to see each other and have their pictorial together prior to the ceremony. This practice lessens the waiting time of their guests before the reception programme

Note: A first look is when the bride and groom see each other prior to the ceremony.  This is done alone and is a moment shared between just the two of you. (Colin Cowie)

Icing 101

Icing – refers to the covering of the cake.

The most common choices for wedding cakes are the following:

  • Buttercream – the icing that is soft and creamy in texture but may not be the right choice for outdoor weddings where heat is a factor
  • Fondant – the icing that is clay-like in consistency, can be molded, and has a better sense of durability even in outdoor events.
  • Foam icing – such as meringue or marshmallow icing

There are other types of icing such as ganache (usually for chocolate cakes), royal icing, flat icing, whipped cream icing, and cream cheese frosting.

Cake 101

Cake – refers to the baked product placed on spotlight during the cake cutting ceremony; however, given the various ideas over the years, there are times when couples opt for other baked goodies other than the usual layered cake.

Tiered Cake – this is the most common wedding cake, often included in caterer’s offerings; it consists of either layers of edible sponge cake covered with icing or a layer of edible sponge cake with 2 or more layers of styrofoam covered with icing to resemble edible layers

Satellite Cake – this refers to the way the cakes are set up separately on risers or on the arms of a cake stand often with varying heights

Cupcake Tower – a number of cupcakes set up on a wooden or cardboard stand to resemble the height of a tiered cake. This set up is usually accompanied by a cutting cake or a small cake that the couple can cut and eat during the cake cutting ceremony. Cupcakes are more often than not distributed to guests as souvenirs.

Cream puff tower – cream puffs or profiteroles are attached by skewers to layers of styrofoam resembling a layered or tiered cake. Before they are eaten, assigned staff will have to put the filling between the two parts of the cream puffs. The bride and groom often use a fork to serve each other bites of cream puff during their modified “cake cutting ceremony”.

Note: A cream puff tower or a spire of caramelized cream puffs is also called “croquembouche”.

Macaron tower – French macarons are attached to layers of styrofoam resembling a layered or tiered cake. The light and airy cookie-like goodies are often given to guests as souvenirs after the bride and groom have served each other during their modified “cake cutting ceremony”.

Reception Time

Reception Time – refers to the designated time that the guests may enter the reception hall. In the olden times, the reception time refers to the time guests are received inside the hall with the couple and their parents greeting them on the receiving line.

Serving time: the time agreed upon by the couple and the caterer for meal service, i.e. when the buffet tables will be opened or plated meals will be served to guests.

Breakfast – a meal that is served at 8 or 9AM given that the ceremony is at 6AM.

Brunch – a meal that is served around 10:30AM if the ceremony is at 8:30am.

Lunch – a meal that is served around 12NN or 1PM if the ceremony was at 9AM or at 10AM

Merienda Cena – heavy snacks served around 4PM or 5PM if the ceremony is at 1PM or 2PM

Dinner – a meal served around 7, 8, or 9PM depending on the time of ceremony

Broken time – a term used by suppliers to refer to weddings with ceremonies happening 4 to 7 hours before the reception, e.g. a 10:00AM ceremony and a 7:00PM reception.

Banquet Service

Banquet service – a term that refers to the way food is served

Buffet – this type of service places food items in chafing dishes with guests being given the opportunity to line up and help themselves to servings of their preferred viands, desserts, and the like.

Assisted Buffet/Managed Buffet – this type of service places food in chafing dishes but servers give guests moderate portions of certain viands. Usually, guests are still able to help themselves to desired portions of food in other chaffing dishes as well as the dessert area.

Sit-down – this type of service requires waiters to serve plated food directly to the guests; therefore, guests do not need to line up in order to partake of the menu chosen by the bride and groom

Lauriat – this type of service requires waiters to serve a minimum of 9 family style servings of food per table — from the appetizer down to the dessert. Often, a lauriat table has a lazy Susan so guests can help themselves to desired servings of food.

Others:

  1. Cocktail buffet – an array of hors d’oeuvres guests can munch on while waiting for the reception programme to start
  1. Candy buffet – a table of sweets (and even savory items) guests can partake of while waiting for the couple.

Reception Venues 101

Reception Venue – a space that may be used for the programme and the meal to be shared by the couple with their guests

Hotel – an establishment that gives one the option of getting a function room that matches one’s estimated number of guests; food, drinks, basic floral arrangements, basic sound system, and house lights are generally provided by the establishment. Additional lights and sound equipment often merit additional charges.

Restaurant – an establishment that offers a function room or the whole dining area for events. Food and drinks are the main selling point with clients hiring event stylists to spruce up the area. Basic lights and sound equipment are usually provided.

Events Venue – an establishment that offers a stand-alone pavilion for events. Most offer either a package or a venue-only contract. Clients who opt for the latter have the option of booking their own suppliers or choosing from a list of accredited vendors.

 

Ceremony 101

CEREMONY
A term that refers to the actual rites that constitute a legal and binding marriage

CATHOLIC CEREMONY
A religious rite that takes place in a Catholic Church (or an officially sanctioned venue) officiated by a Catholic priest with at least one of the parties being a baptized and confirmed Catholic. If only one party is a baptized and confirmed catholic, the other party should visit the Catholic Chancery of the church where they wish to contract the Sacrament of Matrimony.

PROTESTANT CEREMONY 
More popularly known as a Christian ceremony. It is a religious rite that takes place either in a Protestant place of worship or a separate venue selected by the bride & groom; it is officiated by a pastor with at least one of the parties being a member of the said Protestant denomination

CIVIL RITES 
Aceremony which has no religious affiliation, but is recognized by the State; thus, the officiants are select elected and appointed officials (e.g. Judge, governor, mayor)

Catholic Ceremony

Part I: The Liturgy of the Word

  • Opening Ceremony
  • Gloria
  • First Reading
  • Responsorial Psalm
  • Second Reading
  • Gospel
  • Homily

Part II: The Marriage Rites

  • the lighting of the candles
  • the calling of witnesses (parents and godparents) to stand close to the bride and groom
  • the statement of intentions
  • the declaration of consent or exchange of “I do’s”
  • the recitation of personal vows and/or the reading of the prayer together
  • blessing and exchange of rings and arrhae and Bible
  • the prayers of the faithful
  • the veil and cord ceremony

Part III: The Liturgy of the Eucharist

  • The Offertory
  • The Our Father
  • The Communion Rites

Part IV: The Concluding Rites

  • The removal of the veil and cord
  • The seven-fold blessing
  • The final prayers

Protestant Ceremony: The parts differ based on one’s denomination or church fellowship. Below is a common outline:

  • Lighting of Candles by the Secondary Sponsors
  • March of the Rest of the Entourage
  • The Giving of Consent
  • The Pastor’s Prayers, Reading, and Exhortations
  • The Vows and Exchange of Rings
  • The Veil and Cord Ceremonies
  • The Unity Candle or Unity Sand Ceremony
  • The Signing of the Marriage Contract by the Bride, Groom, and their Godparents
  • The Charge to Parents and Godparents
  • The Honoring of Parents by the Bride and Groom
  • The Final Prayers

Officiants 101

OFFICIANT
A person with the legal capacity to marry two consenting adults.

PRIEST
A person who, depending on his affiliation, can officiate either a Roman Catholic or an Aglipayan wedding

Generally, Roman Catholic priests are bound to officiate weddings inside churches only. They may officiate renewals of vows in venues like gardens, beach fronts, etc.

Aglipayan priests may officiate weddings in their churches as well as in venues chosen by the bride and groom.

MINISTER
The term of reference for the one officiating an Iglesia ni Cristo wedding

PASTOR
The term of reference for the one officiating a Protestant Wedding, like a Baptist or a Methodist wedding ceremony. The term “Minister” may also be used.

JUDGE or selected elected officials (e.g. Mayor, Governor)
He or she can officiate a civil wedding ceremony within his/her jurisdiction

The said civil ceremony can transpire in his/her chambers, the city or municipal hall, or a venue chosen by the bride and groom given that the venue is within his/her area of jurisdiction.

Wedding Speak

A bit of trivia for starters: did you know that W@W brides have invented a whole new lexicon on weddings? Unbelievable, but it’s true and it’s amazing! It’s a hybrid language that’s an amalgamation of acronyms and shortcuts that’ll leave you in awe and change the way you view communication forever. Mastery of the information contained here will turn you into NNs (wedding speak for: Nuptial Ninjas).

ACRONYMS

BM (Depending on the context) Bridesmaid or Best Man
AE Account Executive (mostly used for caterers)
W@W Love Any act of love, help or support given or received by a Wawie
AVP Audio Visual Presentation
W@wie Bride subscribed to W@W
B2B or BTB Bride-to-be
BIL Brother-in-law
CENOMAR Certificate of No Marriage
DIL Daugther-in-law
DW Discovery Weekend (pre-wedding seminar alternate for precana)
DIY Do-it-yourself
DP Downpayment (mostly for suppliers)
E-pic Engagement Pictures
E-ring Engagement Ring
E-session Engagement shoot; engagement session
EB Eye Ball (meet-up)
FOB Father of the Bride
FOG Father of the Groom
FIL Father-in-law
FG Flower girl/s
FT Food Tasting
FBIL Future Brother-in-law
FFIL Future Father-in-law
FH Future husband/fiancé
FIL Future In-laws
FMIL Future Mother-in-Law
FSIL Future Sister-in-law
GM Groomsman or Groomsmen
HMUA  Hair and Make-up Artist
H2B or HTB Husband-to-be
LS or L/S Lights and/or Sounds
LDR Long distance relationship
MOH Maid of Honor (for single) or Matron of Honor (married)
ML Marriage License
MOB Mother of the Bride
MOG Mother of the Groom
MIL Mother-in-law
OTD On the Day (mostly used for coordinators)
OOTC Out of the Country
OOT Out of Town
PV or P/V Photographer and/or Videographer
Precana Pre-wedding seminar/requirement for Catholics
PS Principal Sponsors
RD Rehearsal Dinner
RB Ring Bearer
SDE Same Day Edit
STD Save The Date
SO Significant Other
SIL  Sister-in-law or Son-in-law
SD Stepdaughter
SS Stepson or Secondary Sponsor (depending on the context)
TMUA Trial Make-Up
Wedsite Wedding website or blogsite
W@W WeddingsatWork
WYB Will You Be


THREAD/CONVERSATION LINGO

AFAIK As Far As I Know
HTH Hope this Helps
IIRC If I Remember Correctly
IMHO In My Humble Opinion
IMO In My Opinion
TIA Thanks In Advance

 

CHURCH ACRONYMS

AP Archbishop’s Palace (Shaw)
BJP II Blessed John Paul II (Eastwood)
COTH Chapel on the Hill (Tagaytay)
CRL Church of the Risen Lord (UP Diliman)
CTK  Christ the King Church (Greenmeadows or QC)
ICC Immaculate Conception Cathedral (Cubao Cathedral)
MC Manila Cathedral
MTQ  Mary The Queen Parish (Libis)
NSDG Nuestra Señora de Gracia (Guadalupe, Makati)
OLA Our Lady of the Abandoned (Marikina)
PHS Parish of the Holy Sacrifice (UP Diliman)
SAC San Agustic Church (Intramuros)
SADP  San Antonio de Padua (Silang, Cavite)
SRdC Sta Rita de Cascia (Quezon City)
SSA Sanctuario de San Antonio (Makati)
SSJ Sanctuario de San Jose (Greenhills)

 

RECEPTION VENUE ACRONYMS

GG Glass Garden (Marikina)
LOL Light of Love Events Place (Quezon City)
MPC Manila Polo Club
NGC North Greenhills
PSE Philippine Stock Exchange (Tektite)
TBLF The Blue Leaf Filipinas
VV6 Valle Verde 6

 

CATERER ACRONYMS

PC Passion Cooks
KbyC K by Cunanan
PD Purple Dish
BP Blue Petals

 

COUTURIER/GOWN DESIGNER ACRONYMS

CA Cecilio Abad
BKS Boy Kastner Santos
GP Gretchen Pichay
PB Paolo Blanco
RB Roxoanne Bagano

 

The Family Code of the Philippines XII

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TITLE XII

FINAL PROVISIONS

Art. 254. Titles III, IV, V, VI, VIII, IX, XI, and XV of Book 1 of Republic Act No. 386, otherwise known as the Civil Code of the Philippines, as amended, and Articles 17, 18, 19, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 39, 40, 41, and 42 of Presidential Decree No. 603, otherwise known as the Child and Youth Welfare Code, as amended, and all laws, decrees, executive orders, proclamations, rules and regulations, or parts thereof, inconsistent herewith are hereby repealed.

Art. 255. If any provision of this Code is held invalid, all the other provisions not affected thereby shall remain valid.

Art. 256. This Code shall have retroactive effect insofar as it does not prejudice or impair vested or acquired rights in accordance with the Civil Code or other laws.

Art. 257. This Code shall take effect one year after the completion of its publication in a newspaper of general circulation, as certified by the Executive Secretary, Office of the President.

Done in the City of Manila, this 6th day of July, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and eighty-seven.

The Family Code of the Philippines XI

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TITLE XI

SUMMARY JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS IN THE FAMILY LAW

Chapter 1. Prefatory Provisions

Art. 238. Until modified by the Supreme Court, the procedural rules provided for in this Title shall apply as regards separation in fact between husband and wife, abandonment by one of the other, and incidents involving parental authority. (n)

Chapter 2. Separation in Fact

Art. 239. When a husband and wife are separated in fact, or one has abandoned the other and one of them seeks judicial authorization for a transaction where the consent of the other spouse is required by law but such consent is withheld or cannot be obtained, a verified petition may be filed in court alleging the foregoing facts.

The petition shall attach the proposed deed, if any, embodying the transaction, and, if none, shall describe in detail the said transaction and state the reason why the required consent thereto cannot be secured. In any case, the final deed duly executed by the parties shall be submitted to and approved by the court. (n)

Art. 240. Claims for damages by either spouse, except costs of the proceedings, may be litigated only in a separate action. (n)

Art. 241. Jurisdiction over the petition shall, upon proof of notice to the other spouse, be exercised by the proper court authorized to hear family cases, if one exists, or in the regional trial court or its equivalent sitting in the place where either of the spouses resides. (n)

Art. 242. Upon the filing of the petition, the court shall notify the other spouse, whose consent to the transaction is required, of said petition, ordering said spouse to show cause why the petition should not be granted, on or before the date set in said notice for the initial conference. The notice shall be accompanied by a copy of the petition and shall be served at the last known address of the spouse concerned. (n)

Art. 243. A preliminary conference shall be conducted by the judge personally without the parties being assisted by counsel. After the initial conference, if the court deems it useful, the parties may be assisted by counsel at the succeeding conferences and hearings. (n)

Art. 244. In case of non-appearance of the spouse whose consent is sought, the court shall inquire into the reasons for his failure to appear, and shall require such appearance, if possible. (n

Art. 245. If, despite all efforts, the attendance of the non-consenting spouse is not secured, the court may proceed ex parte and render judgment as the facts and circumstances may warrant. In any case, the judge shall endeavor to protect the interests of the non-appearing spouse. (n)

Art. 246. If the petition is not resolved at the initial conference, said petition shall be decided in a summary hearing on the basis of affidavits, documentary evidence or oral testimonies at the sound discretion of the court. If testimony is needed, the court shall specify the witnesses to be heard and the subject-matter of their testimonies, directing the parties to present said witnesses. (n)

Art. 247. The judgment of the court shall be immediately final and executory. (n)

Art. 248. The petition for judicial authority to administer or encumber specific separate property of the abandoning spouse and to use the fruits or proceeds thereof for the support of the family shall also be governed by these rules. (n)

Chapter 3. Incidents Involving Parental Authority

Art. 249. Petitions filed under Articles 223, 225 and 235 of this Code involving parental authority shall be verified. (n)

Art. 250. Such petitions shall be verified and filed in the proper court of the place where the child resides. (n)

Art. 251. Upon the filing of the petition, the court shall notify the parents or, in their absence or incapacity, the individuals, entities or institutions exercising parental authority over the child. (n)

Art. 252. The rules in Chapter 2 hereof shall also govern summary proceedings under this Chapter insofar as they are applicable. (n)

Chapter 4. Other Matters Subject to Summary Proceedings

Art. 253. The foregoing rules in Chapter 2 and 3 hereof shall likewise govern summary proceedings filed under Articles 41, 51, 69, 73, 96, 124 and 127, insofar as they are applicable. (n)

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proceed to TITLE XII – FINAL PROVISIONS

The Family Code of the Philippines X

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TITLE X

EMANCIPATION AND AGE OF MAJORITY

Art. 234. Emancipation takes place by the attainment of majority. Unless otherwise provided, majority commences at the age of twenty-one years.

Emancipation also takes place:

(1) By the marriage of the minor; or
(2) By the recording in the Civil Register of an agreement in a public instrument executed by the parent exercising parental authority and the minor at least eighteen years of age. Such emancipation shall be irrevocable. (397a, 398a, 400a, 401a)

Art. 235. The provisions governing emancipation by recorded agreement shall also apply to an orphan minor and the person exercising parental authority but the agreement must be approved by the court before it is recorded. (n)

Art. 236. Emancipation for any cause shall terminate parental authority over the person and property of the child who shall then be qualified and responsible for all acts of civil life. (412a)

Art. 237. The annulment or declaration of nullity of the marriage of a minor or of the recorded agreement mentioned in the foregoing. Articles 234 and 235 shall revive the parental authority over the minor but shall not affect acts and transactions that took place prior to the recording of the final judgment in the Civil Register. (n)

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proceed to TITLE XI – SUMMARY JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS IN THE FAMILY LAW

The Family Code of the Philippines IX

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TITLE IX

PARENTAL AUTHORITY

Chapter 1. General Provisions

Art. 209. Pursuant to the natural right and duty of parents over the person and property of their unemancipated children, parental authority and responsibility shall include the caring for and rearing them for civic consciousness and efficiency and the development of their moral, mental and physical character and well-being. (n)

Art. 210. Parental authority and responsibility may not be renounced or transferred except in the cases authorized by law. (313a)

Art. 211. The father and the mother shall jointly exercise parental authority over the persons of their common children. In case of disagreement, the father’s decision shall prevail, unless there is a judicial order to the contrary.

Children shall always observe respect and reverence towards their parents and are obliged to obey them as long as the children are under parental authority. (311a)

Art. 212. In case of absence or death of either parent, the parent present shall continue exercising parental authority. The remarriage of the surviving parent shall not affect the parental authority over the children, unless the court appoints another person to be the guardian of the person or property of the children. (n)

Art. 213. In case of separation of the parents, parental authority shall be exercised by the parent designated by the Court. The Court shall take into account all relevant considerations, especially the choice of the child over seven years of age, unless the parent chosen is unfit. (n)

Art. 214. In case of death, absence or unsuitability of the parents, substitute parental authority shall be exercised by the surviving grandparent. In case several survive, the one designated by the court, taking into account the same consideration mentioned in the preceding article, shall exercise the authority. (355a)

Art. 215. No descendant shall be compelled, in a criminal case, to testify against his parents and grandparents, except when such testimony is indispensable in a crime against the descendant or by one parent against the other. (315a)

Chapter 2. Substitute and Special Parental Authority

Art. 216. In default of parents or a judicially appointed guardian, the following person shall exercise substitute parental authority over the child in the order indicated:

(1) The surviving grandparent, as provided in Art. 214;
(2) The oldest brother or sister, over twenty-one years of age, unless unfit or disqualified; and
(3) The child’s actual custodian, over twenty-one years of age, unless unfit or disqualified.

Whenever the appointment or a judicial guardian over the property of the child becomes necessary, the same order of preference shall be observed. (349a, 351a, 354a)

Art. 217. In case of foundlings, abandoned neglected or abused children and other children similarly situated, parental authority shall be entrusted in summary judicial proceedings to heads of children’s homes, orphanages and similar institutions duly accredited by the proper government agency. (314a)

Art. 218. The school, its administrators and teachers, or the individual, entity or institution engaged in child are shall have special parental authority and responsibility over the minor child while under their supervision, instruction or custody.

Authority and responsibility shall apply to all authorized activities whether inside or outside the premises of the school, entity or institution. (349a)

Art. 219. Those given the authority and responsibility under the preceding Article shall be principally and solidarily liable for damages caused by the acts or omissions of the unemancipated minor. The parents, judicial guardians or the persons exercising substitute parental authority over said minor shall be subsidiarily liable.

The respective liabilities of those referred to in the preceding paragraph shall not apply if it is proved that they exercised the proper diligence required under the particular circumstances.

All other cases not covered by this and the preceding articles shall be governed by the provisions of the Civil Code on quasi-delicts. (n

Chapter 3. Effect of Parental Authority Upon the Persons of the Children

Art. 220. The parents and those exercising parental authority shall have with the respect to their unemancipated children on wards the following rights and duties:

(1) To keep them in their company, to support, educate and instruct them by right precept and good example, and to provide for their upbringing in keeping with their means;
(2) To give them love and affection, advice and counsel, companionship and understanding;
(3) To provide them with moral and spiritual guidance, inculcate in them honesty, integrity, self-discipline, self-reliance, industry and thrift, stimulate their interest in civic affairs, and inspire in them compliance with the duties of citizenship;
(4) To furnish them with good and wholesome educational materials, supervise their activities, recreation and association with others, protect them from bad company, and prevent them from acquiring habits detrimental to their health, studies and morals;
(5) To represent them in all matters affecting their interests;
(6) To demand from them respect and obedience;
(7) To impose discipline on them as may be required under the circumstances; and
(8) To perform such other duties as are imposed by law upon parents and guardians. (316a)

Art. 221. Parents and other persons exercising parental authority shall be civilly liable for the injuries and damages caused by the acts or omissions of their unemancipated children living in their company and under their parental authority subject to the appropriate defenses provided by law. (2180(2)a and (4)a )

Art. 222. The courts may appoint a guardian of the child’s property or a guardian ad litem when the best interests of the child so requires. (317)

Art. 223. The parents or, in their absence or incapacity, the individual, entity or institution exercising parental authority, may petition the proper court of the place where the child resides, for an order providing for disciplinary measures over the child. The child shall be entitled to the assistance of counsel, either of his choice or appointed by the court, and a summary hearing shall be conducted wherein the petitioner and the child shall be heard.

However, if in the same proceeding the court finds the petitioner at fault, irrespective of the merits of the petition, or when the circumstances so warrant, the court may also order the deprivation or suspension of parental authority or adopt such other measures as it may deem just and proper. (318a)

Art. 224. The measures referred to in the preceding article may include the commitment of the child for not more than thirty days in entities or institutions engaged in child care or in children’s homes duly accredited by the proper government agency.

The parent exercising parental authority shall not interfere with the care of the child whenever committed but shall provide for his support. Upon proper petition or at its own instance, the court may terminate the commitment of the child whenever just and proper. (391a)

Chapter 4. Effect of Parental Authority Upon the Property of the Children

Art. 225. The father and the mother shall jointly exercise legal guardianship over the property of the unemancipated common child without the necessity of a court appointment. In case of disagreement, the father’s decision shall prevail, unless there is a judicial order to the contrary.

Where the market value of the property or the annual income of the child exceeds P50,000, the parent concerned shall be required to furnish a bond in such amount as the court may determine, but not less than ten per centum (10%) of the value of the property or annual income, to guarantee the performance of the obligations prescribed for general guardians.

A verified petition for approval of the bond shall be filed in the proper court of the place where the child resides, or, if the child resides in a foreign country, in the proper court of the place where the property or any part thereof is situated.

The petition shall be docketed as a summary special proceeding in which all incidents and issues regarding the performance of the obligations referred to in the second paragraph of this Article shall be heard and resolved.

The ordinary rules on guardianship shall be merely suppletory except when the child is under substitute parental authority, or the guardian is a stranger, or a parent has remarried, in which case the ordinary rules on guardianship shall apply. (320a)

Art. 226. The property of the unemancipated child earned or acquired with his work or industry or by onerous or gratuitous title shall belong to the child in ownership and shall be devoted exclusively to the latter’s support and education, unless the title or transfer provides otherwise.

The right of the parents over the fruits and income of the child’s property shall be limited primarily to the child’s support and secondarily to the collective daily needs of the family. (321a, 323a)

Art. 227. If the parents entrust the management or administration of any of their properties to an unemancipated child, the net proceeds of such property shall belong to the owner. The child shall be given a reasonable monthly allowance in an amount not less than that which the owner would have paid if the administrator were a stranger, unless the owner, grants the entire proceeds to the child. In any case, the proceeds thus give in whole or in part shall not be charged to the child’s legitime. (322a)

Chapter 5. Suspension or Termination of Parental Authority

Art. 228. Parental authority terminates permanently:

(1) Upon the death of the parents;
(2) Upon the death of the child; or
(3) Upon emancipation of the child. (327a)

Art. 229. Unless subsequently revived by a final judgment, parental authority also terminates:

(1) Upon adoption of the child;
(2) Upon appointment of a general guardian;
(3) Upon judicial declaration of abandonment of the child in a case filed for the purpose;
(4) Upon final judgment of a competent court divesting the party concerned of parental authority; or
(5) Upon judicial declaration of absence or incapacity of the person exercising parental authority. (327a)

Art. 230. Parental authority is suspended upon conviction of the parent or the person exercising the same of a crime which carries with it the penalty of civil interdiction. The authority is automatically reinstated upon service of the penalty or upon pardon or amnesty of the offender. (330a)

Art. 231. The court in an action filed for the purpose in a related case may also suspend parental authority if the parent or the person exercising the same:

(1) Treats the child with excessive harshness or cruelty;
(2) Gives the child corrupting orders, counsel or example;
(3) Compels the child to beg; or
(4) Subjects the child or allows him to be subjected to acts of lasciviousness.

The grounds enumerated above are deemed to include cases which have resulted from culpable negligence of the parent or the person exercising parental authority.

If the degree of seriousness so warrants, or the welfare of the child so demands, the court shall deprive the guilty party of parental authority or adopt such other measures as may be proper under the circumstances.

The suspension or deprivation may be revoked and the parental authority revived in a case filed for the purpose or in the same proceeding if the court finds that the cause therefor has ceased and will not be repeated. (33a)

Art. 232. If the person exercising parental authority has subjected the child or allowed him to be subjected to sexual abuse, such person shall be permanently deprived by the court of such authority. (n)

Art. 233. The person exercising substitute parental authority shall have the same authority over the person of the child as the parents.

In no case shall the school administrator, teacher of individual engaged in child care exercising special parental authority inflict corporal punishment upon the child. (n)

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proceed to TITLE X – EMANCIPATION AND AGE OF MAJORITY

The Family Code of the Philippines VIII

go back to TITLE VII – ADOPTION

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TITLE VIII

SUPPORT

Art. 194. Support comprises everything indispensable for sustenance, dwelling, clothing, medical attendance, education and transportation, in keeping with the financial capacity of the family.

The education of the person entitled to be supported referred to in the preceding paragraph shall include his schooling or training for some profession, trade or vocation, even beyond the age of majority. Transportation shall include expenses in going to and from school, or to and from place of work. (290a)

Art. 105. Subject to the provisions of the succeeding articles, the following are obliged to support each other to the whole extent set forth in the preceding article:

(1) The spouses;
(2) Legitimate ascendants and descendants;
(3) Parents and their legitimate children and the legitimate and illegitimate children of the latter;
(4) Parents and their illegitimate children and the legitimate and illegitimate children of the latter; and
(5) Legitimate brothers and sisters, whether of full or half-blood (291a)

Art. 196. Brothers and sisters not legitimately related, whether of the full or half-blood, are likewise bound to support each other to the full extent set forth in Article 194, except only when the need for support of the brother or sister, being of age, is due to a cause imputable to the claimant’s fault or negligence. (291a)

Art. 197. In case of legitimate ascendants; descendants, whether legitimate or illegitimate; and brothers and sisters, whether legitimately or illegitimately related, only the separate property of the person obliged to give support shall be answerable provided that in case the obligor has no separate property, the absolute community or the conjugal partnership, if financially capable, shall advance the support, which shall be deducted from the share of the spouse obliged upon the liquidation of the absolute community or of the conjugal partnership. (n)

Art. 198. During the proceedings for legal separation or for annulment of marriage, and for declaration of nullity of marriage, the spouses and their children shall be supported from the properties of the absolute community or the conjugal partnership. After the final judgment granting the petition, the obligation of mutual support between the spouses ceases. However, in case of legal separation, the court may order that the guilty spouse shall give support to the innocent one, specifying the terms of such order. (292a)

Art. 199. Whenever two or more persons are obliged to give support, the liability shall devolve upon the following persons in the order herein provided:

(1) The spouse;
(2) The descendants in the nearest degree;
(3) The ascendants in the nearest degree; and
(4) The brothers and sisters. (294a)

Art. 200. When the obligation to give support falls upon two or more persons, the payment of the same shall be divided between them in proportion to the resources of each.

However, in case of urgent need and by special circumstances, the judge may order only one of them to furnish the support provisionally, without prejudice to his right to claim from the other obligors the share due from them.

When two or more recipients at the same time claim support from one and the same person legally obliged to give it, should the latter not have sufficient means to satisfy all claims, the order established in the preceding article shall be followed, unless the concurrent obligees should be the spouse and a child subject to parental authority, in which case the child shall be preferred. (295a)

Art. 201. The amount of support, in the cases referred to in Articles 195 and 196, shall be in proportion to the resources or means of the giver and to the necessities of the recipient. (296a)

Art. 202. Support in the cases referred to in the preceding article shall be reduced or increased proportionately, according to the reduction or increase of the necessities of the recipient and the resources or means of the person obliged to furnish the same. (297a)

Art. 203. The obligation to give support shall be demandable from the time the person who has a right to receive the same needs it for maintenance, but it shall not be paid except from the date of judicial or extra-judicial demand.

Support pendente lite may be claimed in accordance with the Rules of Court.

Payment shall be made within the first five days of each corresponding month or when the recipient dies, his heirs shall not be obliged to return what he has received in advance. (298a)

Art. 204. The person obliged to give support shall have the option to fulfill the obligation either by paying the allowance fixed, or by receiving and maintaining in the family dwelling the person who has a right to receive support. The latter alternative cannot be availed of in case there is a moral or legal obstacle thereto. (299a)

Art. 205. The right to receive support under this Title as well as any money or property obtained as such support shall not be levied upon on attachment or execution. (302a)

Art. 206. When, without the knowledge of the person obliged to give support, it is given by a stranger, the latter shall have a right to claim the same from the former, unless it appears that he gave it without intention of being reimbursed. (2164a)

Art. 207. When the person obliged to support another unjustly refuses or fails to give support when urgently needed by the latter, any third person may furnish support to the needy individual, with right of reimbursement from the person obliged to give support. This Article shall particularly apply when the father or mother of a child under the age of majority unjustly refuses to support or fails to give support to the child when urgently needed. (2166a)

Art. 208. In case of contractual support or that given by will, the excess in amount beyond that required for legal support shall be subject to levy on attachment or execution.

Furthermore, contractual support shall be subject to adjustment whenever modification is necessary due to changes of circumstances manifestly beyond the contemplation of the parties. (n)

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proceed to TITLE IX – PARENTAL AUTHORITY

The Family Code of the Philippines VII

go back to TITLE VI – PATERNITY AND FILIATION

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TITLE VII

ADOPTION

Art. 183. A person of age and in possession of full civil capacity and legal rights may adopt, provided he is in a position to support and care for his children, legitimate or illegitimate, in keeping with the means of the family.

Only minors may be adopted, except in the cases when the adoption of a person of majority age is allowed in this Title.

In addition, the adopter must be at least sixteen years older than the person to be adopted, unless the adopter is the parent by nature of the adopted, or is the spouse of the legitimate parent of the person to be adopted. (27a, EO 91 and PD 603)

Art. 184. The following persons may not adopt:

(1) The guardian with respect to the ward prior to the approval of the final accounts rendered upon the termination of their guardianship relation;
(2) Any person who has been convicted of a crime involving moral turpitude;
(3) An alien, except:

(a) A former Filipino citizen who seeks to adopt a relative by consanguinity;
(b) One who seeks to adopt the legitimate child of his or her Filipino spouse; or
(c) One who is married to a Filipino citizen and seeks to adopt jointly with his or her spouse a relative by consanguinity of the latter.

Aliens not included in the foregoing exceptions may adopt Filipino children in accordance with the rules on inter-country adoptions as may be provided by law. (28a, EO 91 and PD 603)

Art. 185. Husband and wife must jointly adopt, except in the following cases:

(1) When one spouse seeks to adopt his own illegitimate child; or
(2) When one spouse seeks to adopt the legitimate child of the other. (29a, EO 91 and PD 603)

Art. 186. In case husband and wife jointly adopt or one spouse adopts the legitimate child of the other, joint parental authority shall be exercised by the spouses in accordance with this Code. (29a, EO and PD 603)

Art. 187. The following may not be adopted:

(1) A person of legal age, unless he or she is a child by nature of the adopter or his or her spouse, or, prior to the adoption, said person has been consistently considered and treated by the adopter as his or her own child during minority.
(2) An alien with whose government the Republic of the Philippines has no diplomatic relations; and
(3) A person who has already been adopted unless such adoption has been previously revoked or rescinded. (30a, EO 91 and PD 603)

Art. 188. The written consent of the following to the adoption shall be necessary:

(1) The person to be adopted, if ten years of age or over,
(2) The parents by nature of the child, the legal guardian, or the proper government instrumentality;
(3) The legitimate and adopted children, ten years of age or over, of the adopting parent or parents;
(4) The illegitimate children, ten years of age or over, of the adopting parent, if living with said parent and the latter’s spouse, if any; and
(5) The spouse, if any, of the person adopting or to be adopted. (31a, EO 91 and PD 603)

Art. 189. Adoption shall have the following effects:

(1) For civil purposes, the adopted shall be deemed to be a legitimate child of the adopters and both shall acquire the reciprocal rights and obligations arising from the relationship of parent and child, including the right of the adopted to use the surname of the adopters;
(2) The parental authority of the parents by nature over the adopted shall terminate and be vested in the adopters, except that if the adopter is the spouse of the parent by nature of the adopted, parental authority over the adopted shall be exercised jointly by both spouses; and
(3) The adopted shall remain an intestate heir of his parents and other blood relatives. (39(1)a, (3)a, PD 603)

Art. 190. Legal or intestate succession to the estate of the adopted shall be governed by the following rules:

(1) Legitimate and illegitimate children and descendants and the surviving spouse of the adopted shall inherit from the adopted, in accordance with the ordinary rules of legal or intestate succession;
(2) When the parents, legitimate or illegitimate, or the legitimate ascendants of the adopted concur with the adopter, they shall divide the entire estate, one-half to be inherited by the parents or ascendants and the other half, by the adopters;
(3) When the surviving spouse or the illegitimate children of the adopted concur with the adopters, they shall divide the entire estate in equal shares, one-half to be inherited by the spouse or the illegitimate children of the adopted and the other half, by the adopters.
(4) When the adopters concur with the illegitimate children and the surviving spouse of the adopted, they shall divide the entire estate in equal shares, one-third to be inherited by the illegitimate children, one-third by the surviving spouse, and one-third by the adopters;
(5) When only the adopters survive, they shall inherit the entire estate; and
(6) When only collateral blood relatives of the adopted survive, then the ordinary rules of legal or intestate succession shall apply. (39(4)a, PD 603)

Art. 191. If the adopted is a minor or otherwise incapacitated, the adoption may be judicially rescinded upon petition of any person authorized by the court or proper government instrumental acting on his behalf, on the same grounds prescribed for loss or suspension of parental authority. If the adopted is at least eighteen years of age, he may petition for judicial rescission of the adoption on the same grounds prescribed for disinheriting an ascendant. (40a, PD 603)

Art. 192. The adopters may petition the court for the judicial rescission of the adoption in any of the following cases:

(1) If the adopted has committed any act constituting ground for disinheriting a descendant; or
(2) When the adopted has abandoned the home of the adopters during minority for at least one year, or, by some other acts, has definitely repudiated the adoption. (41a, PD 603)

Art. 193. If the adopted minor has not reached the age of majority at the time of the judicial rescission of the adoption, the court in the same proceeding shall reinstate the parental authority of the parents by nature, unless the latter are disqualified or incapacitated, in which case the court shall appoint a guardian over the person and property of the minor. If the adopted person is physically or mentally handicapped, the court shall appoint in the same proceeding a guardian over his person or property or both.

Judicial rescission of the adoption shall extinguish all reciprocal rights and obligations between the adopters and the adopted arising from the relationship of parent and child. The adopted shall likewise lose the right to use the surnames of the adopters and shall resume his surname prior to the adoption.
The court shall accordingly order the amendment of the records in the proper registries. (42a, PD 603)

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proceed to TITLE VIII – SUPPORT